Annals of Medical and Surgical Dermatology

ABSTRACT

Skin cancer, encompassing both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), is the most prevalent form of cancer among fair-skinned populations, with global incidence rates steadily rising. This review explores current epidemiological patterns, focusing on geographic variability, demographic disparities, and contributing risk factors such as ultraviolet radiation exposure, aging, and lifestyle habits. While melanoma incidence continues to rise, mortality has remained stable, raising concerns about potential overdiagnosis and increased screening efforts. Conversely, NMSC, although less lethal, imposes a substantial burden due to high treatment costs and morbidity, especially among the elderly. Accurately determining incidence rates is difficult, particularly for NMSC, due to its frequent exclusion from cancer registries and inconsistent reporting practices. The review also highlights the economic impact of skin cancer, with countries like Australia and the United States experiencing significant healthcare expenditures. Primary prevention measures, such as public education and sun protection campaigns, along with secondary efforts like early detection and dermoscopic screening, are emphasized as essential strategies for reducing disease burden. Ultimately, the study calls for improved registration systems, tailored public health policies, and age-specific education to effectively manage the rising trend in skin cancer cases worldwide.

KEYWORDS

1. Skin cancer
2. Melanoma
3. Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC)
4. Keratinocyte carcinoma
5. Epidemiology
6. Incidence rates